Sleep Oscillations and Memory

به نقل از مرکز تحقیقات مهندسی مغز:

برگزاری کارگاه‌ علمی قبل از برگزاری کنفرانس مهندسی مغز و علوم اعصاب محاسباتی

جلسه‌ی علوم اعصاب 13 تیرماه

به امید خدا سه‌ شنبه 13 تیر ماه از ساعت 9 تا 11 در کلاس 415 دانشکده علوم ریاضی دانشگاه صنعتی شریف جلسه خواهیم داشت. ابتدا خانم "شیدا شهیدی" راجع به "Intermediate time memory" صحبت خواهند کرد. در ادامه آقای دکتر "سامان مقیمی" راجع به "اعمال مکانیسم هب در تپه‌ی شنی" صحبت خواهند کرد.

IBRO-APRC Kerman Associate School of Neuroscience

Learning and memory: molecular, electrophysiological and computational approaches”

Kerman, Iran

August ۲۷ – September 1, 2017

School Website URL: http://knrc.en.kmu.ac.ir/Default9.aspx?Id=77

Application deadline: May 5, 2017 (11:59 p.m. CET)

Top 20 Neuroscience News Articles of 2016

بیست مقاله برتر نوروساینس در سال 2016 از نگاه مخاطبین پایگاه Neuroscience news

بخش اول:

✅ 1- افسردگی تنها یک بیماری روانی نیست، بلکه تمامی بدن را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد:

The research team discovered depression was linked to an increase in oxidative stress and decrease in antioxidant substances. Additionally, after receiving treatment, both levels of malondialdehyde, a biomarker of oxidative stress, and antioxidant substances returned to normal.

✅ 2- شناسایی یک ویروس و دو باکتری خاص که منجر به آلزایمر می‌شوند:

The international research team linked the development of Alzheimer’s disease to a specific virus and two types of bacteria, providing evidence that the neurodegenerative disease had a dormant microbial component. They also found that the dormant microbes could become active with iron dysregulation.

✅ 3- شناسایی بیومارکر خستگی مزمن در باکتری‌های روده:

Researchers reported they had identified biomarkers for chronic fatigue syndrome in both inflammatory microbial agents in the blood and gut bacteria.
The findings provide new evidence against the long standing concept that CFS is merely a psychological disorder, by identifying biological biomarkers for the disease.

✅ 4- مصرف ماری‌جوانا با کاهش آزادشدن دوپامین در ارتباط است:

Researchers discovered that those who used marijuana heavily expressed lower dopamine release in the striatum, an area of the brain associated with working memory and attention.
This was a ground breaking finding as previous studies had linked similar alterations in dopamine release to heavier drugs, such as cocaine and heroin.

✅ 5- تاثیر منفی اینترنت بر روی حافظه انسان:

Researchers from UC Santa Cruz and the University of Illinois report that our ever increasing reliance on the internet and our ease of access to new information is affecting our ability to learn and recall facts from memory, as well as impeding our ability to solve problems.
The researchers also found that our ‘cognitive offloading’, our reliance on technology as a memory aid, increased after each time it was used.

✅ 6- شناسایی 4 نوع شخصیت پایه‌ای در انسان:

Researchers from the Carlos III University of Madrid released a new paper which claimed that 90 percent of the population can be classified into one of four personality types. The four basic personality types the researchers identified were: trusting, envious, pessimistic and optimistic, with most people falling into the envious personality type (30% of the population).
The researchers believe the findings are not only important for the field of social psychology, but also for the future development of robots to make them more ‘humanized’

✅ 7- ضربات سر در فوتبال باعث ایجاد تغییرات در مغز می‌گردد:

Researchers found that, after playing for just one season, football players showed significant changes in both white and gray matter that was associated with head trauma.

مبانی فیزیکی حافظه در مغز- پیشرفت‌های اخیر و جنجال برانگیز در نوروساینس

آقای "حسام الدین اخلاق‌پور"  روز شنبه 11 ام دی ماه در پژوهشکده ریاضیات پژوهشگاه دانش‌های بنیادی سخنرانی خواهند داشت.

Long-term High-capacity Memories of Object Values in the Primate Brain

به نقل از مرکز تحقیقاتی مهندسی عصبی:

این سمینار چهارشنبه اول دی ماه 95 در تالار کنفرانس IPM نیاوران برگزار می‌شود:

Long-term High-capacity Memories of Object Values in the Primate Brain
Wednesday, DEC 21, 2016 (10:00 - 12:00)
Dr. Ali Ghazizadeh
Graduated from John Hopkins and Berkeley Universities
Post Doctoral Fellow at Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute (NIH)

Abstract
During our lifetime we are bombarded by a large number of visual stimuli that need to be memorized and discriminated based on their ecological relevance such as their reward value. The basal ganglia, especially their posterior part, play an important role in such visual discrimination (Hikosaka et al 2014). Beyond this basal ganglia circuitry, the neural mechanism involved in such discrimination is not well-known. We addressed this issue by doing whole brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in two rhesus monkeys. Before the scans, the monkeys repeatedly viewed many computer-generated fractals (n>80) which were consistently associated with a large reward (Good objects) or a small reward (Bad objects) for >10 days. During block design scans (>1 day after training), these objects were passively viewed in the periphery (left or right, 6deg) while the monkey kept central fixation with no contingent reward. Thus the differential coding of objects in passive viewing would represent acquired stable object values rather than immediate reward expectations. Scan results showed widespread object Goodness coding (Good > Bad) along the ventral bank of superior temporal sulcus (STS) particularly in areas V4, TEO, TEa as well as in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). Weaker effects were also observed in early visual areas (V1-3) and lateral intraparietal area (LIP). Various subcortical areas such as basolateral amygdala, ventral claustrum also showed significant Goodness coding (cluster corrected, alpha<0.01). Concomitant with neuronal discrimination, we found strong behavioral discrimination outside the scanner measured as strong gaze bias toward Good objects during free viewing sessions. To test whether neural and behavioral discrimination is maintained in long-term memory, we retested the same objects after 8-12 months with no visual exposure (memory period). Importantly many of the same visual areas along the ventral bank of STS fully retained their Good object discrimination despite long memory interval. There was significant discrimination in areas such as LPFC but with reduced magnitude. Notably free viewing of objects following the memory period revealed persistent gaze bias toward Good objects despite absence of any encounter for many months. Our results reveal a robust and large capacity neural mechanism for discriminating and orienting toward valuable objects. It is not known how such diverse brain areas acquire and maintain Goodness coding. One possibility is that Goodness coding arises in basal ganglia first which in turn train cortical areas. This hypothesis remains to be tested.